ABSTRACT
Introducción: una de las infecciones más comunes que afectan al ser humano a lo largo de su vida y una de las más frecuentes tanto en el ámbito comunitario como en el nosocomial, son las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Es conocido que los agentes etiológicos se relacionan fundamentalmente con bacilos gramnegativos, pero en la mayoría de los casos, sobre todo en los ambulatorios, no se realiza el cultivo de las muestras de orina antes de iniciar del tratamiento antibacteriano. Al mismo tiempo, una terapia inicial correctamente indicada, tomando como base los datos aportados por el Laboratorio de Microbiología, puede significar evolución favorable y menores costos en sentido general. Objetivos: determinar los principales agentes etiológicos con sus patrones de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, en ITU hospitalarias y de la comunidad, asi como evaluar los costos relacionados con los cultivos microbiológicos, según el tipo de resultado alcanzado. ..
Introduction: the high incidence and prevalence of urinary tract infections in both hospital patients and outpatients determine that the exact knowledge of the major etiologic agents with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns gain immeasurable epidemiological and economic assistance values. Objective: to do Microbial map for hospital patients, and outpatients suffering from UTIs. Methods: a retrospective and cross study was conducted in 13,939 urine cultures from inpatient and outpatients received in the Microbiology Laboratory at Hermanos Ameijeiras hospital from September 2009 to August 2010. Results: 62 percent of the samples were negative, 22 percent positive, and 16 percent were reported as the contaminated samples representing a cost of 86 100, 61 980, and 22 300 CUC, respectively, with an overall total of 170 380 CUC. The microorganism most frequently isolated was Escherichia coli in both groups (76.4 percent and 54.0 percent respectively), which were higher than 55 percent to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Ampicillin resistance was close to 90 percent for almost all microorganisms. Nitrofurantoin for Escherichia coli presented the lowest percentages of resistance. Antimicrobial resistance was higher in hospital patients. Conclusions: the monetary cost per patient for a second or third course of antibiotics, in an initial incorrect therapy, may imply spending approximately 100 times more than a correct initial therapy based on scientific evidence